Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop in India. It belongs to the Fabaceae family.  It is widely grown for its oil, protein and minerals. This study analyzed the economics of groundnut production in Bikaner district of Rajasthan, focusing on growth trends, cost structures, resource use efficiency and major problems faced by farmers. In 2024-25, groundnut was grown on 57.54 lakh hectares producing 118.96 lakh tonnes, with Gujarat and Rajasthan contributing over 60 percent of the total production. Multistage sampling procedure was followed to fulfill objectives of cost of cultivation and resource use efficiency of groundnut in Bikaner district. The Bikaner district was selected for present study since it held prime position in both area and production of groundnut in Rajasthan. In next stage, Shri Dungargarh and Nokha tehsils of Bikaner were selected purposively based on highest cultivated area under the crop. Furthermore, 120 farmers were selected from randomly selected four villages of notified tehsils for agriculture year 2024–25. Various cost concept measures and Cobb-Douglas production function technique were used to analyse the collected and compiled information of selected respondents. It could be observed from the findings that about 50 per cent respondents were belonged to large size farm category and remaining 50 per cent were scattered almost equally among small and medium category of land holding. The average cost and net returns of groundnut cultivation was found at ` 56,839 and ` 91,627

per hectare, respectively in Bikaner district. The finding of resource use efficiency indicated that most of the inputs like seed, manure, fertilizer, irrigation and human labour were used in over quantities while plant protection chemicals were used in less quantity but had a positive effect on output. Study indicated that there is need to optimize input use, improve extension services and adopt better crop protection methods to increase productivity and profitability in studied area. The study recommended rational use

of inputs, improved pest control and stronger farmer support services to enhance the sustainability and profits of groundnut farming in Bikaner.