Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12), focused on responsible consumption and production, hinges significantly on the agricultural sector. Millet farming, characterized by its climate resilience, minimal resource needs, and high nutritional value, presents a sustainable alternative to traditional agricultural practices, especially in susceptible areas like Odisha, India. This research examines how millet farming promotes sustainable consumption and production by assessing the impact of socio-economic, ecological, and consumption/production-related elements. Based on data from 568 smallholder millet farmers, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to analyse both the direct and indirect effects of these variables on sustainability results. The results demonstrate that millet farming substantially mediates the relationship between external factors and sustainability outcomes, highlighting its potential as a key

strategy for achieving SDG 12. This paper offers empirical evidence and policy recommendations to encourage sustainable agriculture based on millet.