Year: 2026 | Month: February | Volume 16 | Issue 1
Impact of Thermal Heat Stress on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Animals in respect of Climate Changes-A review
Narendra Kumar* and Ramjee Gupta
DOI:10.30954/2277-940X.01.2026.2
Abstract:
Environmental stress significantly impacts the productive and reproductive performance of dairy animals, which affecting the overall herd profitability and their sustainability. This study reveals that the effects of various environmental stressors such as heat, humidity and dietary factors on milk production, fertility and animal health in both species. High ambient temperature and humidity compromise the thermoregulation mechanisms in animals, thereby reducing in feed intake, altering the metabolism and reducing the milk yield. In addition, heat stress negatively impacts on reproductive processes, leading to irregular estrus cycles, reduced conception rates and increased embryonic mortality. Nutritional stress exacerbates these effects, with imbalances in diet composition compromising metabolic health and productivity. Strategies those mitigate environmental stress include nutritional management, shade provision and improved ventilation systems, aimed at enhancing animal comfort and performance. Understanding the interactions between environmental stressors and physiological responses is important for developing sustainable management practices that optimize dairy production and reproductive outcomes in challenging climates. Reduced fertility in dairy animals causes huge economic losses worldwide. Nutritional and management like cooling systems and ventilation strategies are used to reduce the negative impact of environmental stress on dairy animals. This study attempts to bring outcomes the effects of heat stress and discuss their impact on dairy cows and buffaloes.
© This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Print This Article Email This Article to Your Friend
