Knowledge Management (KM) has evolved into a multifaceted domain that intersects with disciplines such as information science, organizational theory, cognitive psychology, and emerging technologies. This review paper explores KM through an interdisciplinary lens, examining its foundational types—tacit, explicit, embedded, and cultural knowledge—and their implications for organizational learning, innovation, and strategic agility. By synthesizing theoretical frameworks and empirical studies, the paper highlights how KM practices vary across sectors and are shaped by contextual factors including technological infrastructure, cultural dynamics, and governance models. Special attention is given to the role of digital transformation, artificial intelligence, and semantic interoperability in reshaping KM systems and enabling adaptive knowledge ecosystems. The study also addresses ethical considerations and equity challenges in KM implementation. Through this comprehensive analysis, the paper offers insights into the strategic potential of KM as a catalyst for sustainable development, collaborative intelligence, and institutional resilience.