Original Article
Impact of Thermal Heat Stress on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Animals in respect of Climate Changes-A review
Year: 2026 | Month: February | Volume 16 | Issue 1
1.Baumgard, L.H. and Rhoads, R.P. 2013. Effects of heat stress on metabolism. Ann. Rev. Anim. Biosci., 1: 311–337.
View at Google Scholar2.Berman, A. 2005. Estimates of heat stress relief needs for Holstein dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 1377–1384.
View at Google Scholar3.Bernabucci, U. et al. 2014. The effects of heat stress in Italian Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 97: 471–486.
View at Google Scholar4.Bernabucci, U., Lacetera, N., Baumgard, L.H., Rhoads, R.P., Ronchi, B. and Nardone, A. 2010. Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 93: 212–224.
View at Google Scholar5.Bohmanova, J., Misztal, I. and Cole, J.B. 2007. Temperaturehumidity indices as indicators of milk production losses. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 1947–1956.
View at Google Scholar6.Collier, R.J., Doelger, S.G., Head, H.H., Thatcher, W.W. and Wilcox, C.J. 1982. Effects of heat stress during pregnancy. J. Dairy Sci., 65: 2213–2227.
View at Google Scholar7.Dahl, G.E., Tao, S. and Monteiro, A.P.A. 2016. Effects of heat stress during late gestation. J. Dairy Sci., 99: 8852–8865.
View at Google Scholar8.Das, R., Sailo, L., Verma, N., Bharti, P., Saikia, J., Imtiwati and Kumar, R. 2016. Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals. Vet. World, 9(3): 260–268.
View at Google Scholar9.Dobson, H., Smith, R.F., Royal, M.D., Knight, C.H. and Sheldon, I.M. 2007. The stress and fertility interaction in cattle. Reprod. Domes. Anim., 42: 17–23.
View at Google Scholar10.Du Preez, J.H. 2000. Parameters for determination of heat stress in dairy cattle. Underreport J. Vet. Res., 67: 263–271.
View at Google Scholar11.FAO. 2011. Guide to good dairy farming practice. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines.
View at Google Scholar12.FAO. 2016. Climate change and livestock. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper.
View at Google Scholar13.Ganaie, A.H., Shanker, G., Bumla, N.A., Ghasura, R.S., Mir, N.A. and Wani, S.A. 2013. Biochemical and physiological changes during thermal stress. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 97: 603–611.
View at Google Scholar14.Gaughan, J.B., Mader, T.L., Holt, S.M. and Lisle, A. 2008. A new heat load index. J. Anim. Sci., 86: 226–234.
View at Google Scholar15.Hafez, E.S.E. and Hafez, B. 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
View at Google Scholar16.Hansen, P.J. 2007. Exploitation of genetic and physiological determinants of thermotolerance. Theriogenology, 68: S242– S249.
View at Google Scholar17.Hansen, P.J., Drost, M., Rivera, R.M., Paula-Lopes, F.F., Al- Katanani, Y.M., Krininger, C.E. and Chase, C.C. 2001. Adverse impact of heat stress on embryo production. Theriogenology, 55: 91–103.
View at Google Scholar20.Kadzere, C.T., Murphy, M.R., Silanikove, N. and Maltz, E. 2002. Heat stress in lactating dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci., 77: 59–91.
View at Google Scholar21.Kandeepan, G. and Mallick, A.R. 2010. Heat stress and animal productivity. Int. J. Livest. Prod., 1: 1–6.
View at Google Scholar22.King, J.M. 1983. Livestock water needs in pastoral Africa. ILCA Research Report.
View at Google Scholar23.Mader, T.L., Davis, M.S. and Brown-Brandl, T. 2006. Environmental factors influencing heat stress. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 712–719.
View at Google Scholar24.Marai, I.F.M., El-Darawany, A.A., Fadiel, A. and Abdel-Hafez, M.A.M. 2007. Physiological traits as affected by heat stress. Trop. Subtrop. Agroecos., 7: 1–12.
View at Google Scholar25.Moberg, G.P. and Mench, J.A. 2000. The Biology of Animal Stress. CABI Publishing.
View at Google Scholar26.Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N. and Bernabucci, U. 2010. Effects of climate change on animal production. Animal, 4: 780–791.
View at Google Scholar27.National Research Council (NRC). 1981. Effect of Environment on Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals.
View at Google Scholar28.National Research Council (NRC). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Academy Press.
View at Google Scholar30.Rhoads, M.L., Rhoads, R.P., VanBaale, M.J., Collier, R.J., Sanders, S.R., Weber, W.J., Crooker, B.A. and Baumgard, L.H. 2009. Effects of heat stress on metabolism. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 1986–1997.
View at Google Scholar31.Roth, Z. 2017. Effect of heat stress on reproduction. Theriogenology, 91: 138–145.
View at Google Scholar32.Roth, Z., Meidan, R., Braw-Tal, R. and Wolfenson, D. 2000. Immediate effects of heat stress on follicular development. Biol. Reprod., 63: 1498–1504.
View at Google Scholar33.Shwartz, G., Rhoads, M.L., VanBaale, M.J., Rhoads, R.P. and Baumgard, L.H. 2009. Effects of heat stress on milk production. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 343–352.
View at Google Scholar34.Silanikove, N. 2000. Effects of heat stress on welfare. J. Dairy Sci., 83: 233–247.
View at Google Scholar35.Sirohi, S. and Michaelowa, A. 2007. Climate change impact on livestock. Climatic Change, 83: 1–29.
View at Google Scholar36.Sordillo, L.M. and Aitken, S.L. 2009. Impact of oxidative stress on animal health. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 3081–3094.
View at Google Scholar37.St-Pierre, N.R., Cobanov, B. and Schnitkey, G. 2003. Economic losses from heat stress. J. Dairy Sci., 86: E52–E77.
View at Google Scholar38.Thatcher, W.W., Flamenbaum, I., Block, J. and Bilby, T.R. 2010. Interrelationships of heat stress and reproduction. J. Dairy Sci., 93: 2490–2503.
View at Google Scholar39.Van Saun, R.J. 2009. Nutritional strategies for managing heat stress. Vet. Clin. North Am., 25: 335–345.
View at Google Scholar40.West, J.W. 2003. Effects of heat stress on production. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 2131–2144.
View at Google Scholar41.Wheelock, J.B., Rhoads, R.P., VanBaale, M.J., Sanders, S.R. and Baumgard, L.H. 2010. Effects of heat stress on metabolism. J. Dairy Sci., 93: 644–655.
View at Google Scholar42.Wolfenson, D. and Roth, Z. 2019. Impact of heat stress on reproduction. Theriogenology, 133, 11–19.
View at Google Scholar43.Zimbelman, R.B., Rhoads, R.P., Rhoads, M.L., Duff, G.C., Baumgard, L.H. and Collier, R.J. 2009. A re-evaluation of the THI. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 1066–1072.
View at Google Scholar



