1.Abdulredha, M.A.H., Fahmy, K.N.E., El-Hawary, S.H. and Derbala, M.K. 2026. Effects of dietary supplementation of omega-3 and L-carnitine on semen quality, oxidative stress and hormonal profile of Arabian stallions. J. Appl. Vet. Sci., 11(1): 1–11.

2.Agarwal, A., Virk, G., Ong, C. and du Plessis, S.S. 2014. Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction. World J. Mens Health, 32(1): 1–17.

3.Aitken, R.J. and Baker, M.A. 2006. Oxidative stress, sperm survival and fertility control. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 250(1– 2): 66–69.

4.Aitken, R.J. and Curry, B.J. 2011. Redox regulation of human sperm function: From the physiological control of sperm capacitation to the etiology of infertility and DNA damage in the germ line. Antioxid. Redox Signal., 14(3): 367–381.

5.Aitken, R.J., Drevet, J.R., Moazamian, A. and Gharagozloo, P. 2022. Male infertility and oxidative stress: A focus on the underlying mechanisms. Antioxidants, 11(2): 306.

6.Burdge, G.C. and Calder, P.C.2005. Conversion of alphalinolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 45(5): 581–597.

7.Calder, P.C. 2015. Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochim.Biophys. Acta, 1851(4): 469–484.

8.Delobel, A., Fabry, C., Schoonheere, N., Istasse, L. and Hornick, J.L. 2008. Linseed oil supplementation in diet for horses: Effects on palatability and digestibility. Livest. Sci., 116(1– 3): 15–21.

9.Goyal, A., Sharma, V., Upadhyay, N., Gill, S. and Sihag, M.2014. Flax and flaxseed oil: An ancient medicine and modern functional food. J. Food Sci. Technol., 51(9): 1633–1653.

10.Gürler, H., Malama, E., Heppelmann, M., Calisici, O., Leiding, C., Kastelic, J.P. and Bollwein, H. 2015. Effects of feeding omega-3-fatty acids on quality and quantity of bovine sperm and on the antioxidative capacity of bovine seminal plasma. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 160: 97–104.

11.Gürler, H., Malama, E., Heppelmann, M., Calisici, O., Leiding, C., Kastelic, J.P. and Bollwein, H. 2015. Effects of feeding omega-3-fatty acids on quality and quantity of bovine sperm and on the antioxidative capacity of bovine seminal plasma. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 160: 97–104.

12.Katila, T. and Kareskoski, M. 2006. Components of stallion seminal plasma and the effects of seminal plasma on sperm longevity. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 107(3–4): 249–256.

13.Mann, T. and Lutwak-Mann, C.1981. Male Reproductive Function and Semen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

14.Naz, T., Chakraborty, S. and Saha, S. 2022. Role of fatty acids and calcium in male reproduction. Reprod. Dev. Med., 6(1): 57–64.

15.Ngcobo, S., Hadebe, S.A., Modi, A.T. and Mabhaudhi, T. 2021. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and male fertility: A review of reproductive responses in livestock. Animals, 11(8): 2298.

16.Pal, Y. and Legha, R.A. 2009. Seminal characteristics of Marwari stallions. Indian Vet. J., 86(9): 918–920.

17.Parikh, M., Maddaford, T.G., Austria, J.A., Aliani, M., Netticadan, T. and Pierce, G.N. 2019. Dietary flaxseed as a strategy for improving human health. Nutrients, 11(5): 1171.

18.Rodríguez-Martínez, H., Kvist, U., Ernerudh, J., Sanz, L. and Calvete, J.J., 2011. Seminal plasma proteins: What role do they play? Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 66(Suppl. 1): 11–22.

19.Rodríguez-Martínez, H., Martinez, E.A., Calvete, J.J., Peña, F.J. and Roca, J. 2021. Seminal plasma: Relevant for fertility? Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22(9): 4368.

20.Singh, M., TalimoaMollier, R., Sharma, P.R., Kadirvel, G., Doley, S., Sanjukta, R.K., Rajkhowa, D.J., Kandpal, B.K., Kumar, D., Khan, M.H. and Mitra, A. 2022. Dietary flaxseed oil improves boar semen quality, antioxidant status and in vivo fertility in humid subtropical region of North East India. Theriogenology, 174: 30–41.

21.Songara, M., Jhirwal, A.K., Legha, R.A., Pal, Y., Goswami, S.C., Ravi, S.K., Talluri, T.R., Kaushik, P.K. and Mishra, G. 2020. Effect of feeding Azolla on sexual behaviour, seminal characteristics and freezability in Marwari stallions. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 9(9): 1514–1521.

22.Storey, B.T. 2008. Mammalian sperm metabolism: Oxygen and sugar, friend and foe. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 52(5–6): 427–437.

23.Talluri, T.R., Gorakh, M., Ravi, S.K., Pal, Y., Patil, N.V. and Singh, R.K. 2012. Seminal plasma protein profiles in three different breeds of equines. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 82(4): 367– 368.

24.Williams, T., Rude, B., Liao, S., King, C.M. and Nicodemus, M. 2017. Effects of feeding fat on nutrient digestion in cannulated ponies fed a forage diet. Anim. Husb. Dairy Vet. Sci., 1(3): 2–5.